By TRACI PEDERSEN Associate News Editor Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on June 29, 2014
Extreme stress experienced during childhood, such as poverty, neglect, and physical abuse, might alter the parts of the brain responsible for learning, memory, and the processing of stress and emotion.
These changes may be linked to negative effects on behavior, health, employment, and even the choice of romantic partners later in life, according to researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
“We haven’t really understood why things that happen when you’re two, three, four years old stay with you and have a lasting impact,” said Dr. Seth Pollak, co-leader of the study and UW-Madison professor of psychology.
“Yet,” noted Pollak, “early life stress has been linked to depression,anxiety, heart disease, cancer, and a lack of educational and employment success.”
“Given how costly these early stressful experiences are for society … unless we understand what part of the brain is affected, we won’t be able to tailor something to do about it,” said Pollak, also director of the UW Waisman Center’s Child Emotion Research Laboratory.
The study involved 128 children, approximately age 12, who had experienced either physical abuse, neglect early in life, or came from low socioeconomic status.
The children and their caregivers underwent in-depth interviews, reporting behavioral problems and their cumulative life stress. The researchers also took images of the children’s brains, focusing on the hippocampus and amygdala, parts of the brain involved in emotion and stress processing. These images were compared to similar children from middle-class households who had not been maltreated.
The researchers outlined each child’s hippocampus and amygdala by hand and calculated their volumes. Both brain structures are very small, especially in children, and the researchers believed that automated software measurements might be prone to error.
The findings showed that children who experienced any of the three types of early life stress had smaller amygdalas than children who had not. Children who lived in poverty and children who had been physically abused also had smaller hippocampal volumes.
Putting the same images through automated software showed no effects. Behavioral problems and increased cumulative life stress were linked to smaller hippocampus and amygdala volumes.
“For me, it’s an important reminder that as a society we need to attend to the types of experiences children are having,” Pollak said. “We are shaping the people these individuals will become.”
But the findings, say the researchers, are only markers for neurobiological change — a display of the robustness of the human brain, and not a crystal ball to be used to see the future.
“Just because it’s in the brain doesn’t mean it’s destiny,” said study author and UW Ph.D. graduate Jamie Hanson.
The study is published in the journal Biological Psychiatry.
The infamous ‘illuminate’ tree! Apparently, ‘illuminate tree’ or ‘IT’ as he’s called in the forest, is being held captive by a crazy antique tree watcher! The tree watcher from antiquity, is obviously forcing ‘IT’ to painfully gaze upon a true schizophrenic with paranoid delusions. With a piece of art so bizarre, why wouldn’t my explanation be bizzare as well?
Bizarre Rabbit Art Print by Ruben Ireland. image courtesy of http://www.lavamind.com via Google Images.
Did you notice the fella is bald and has one helluva moustache? That wasn’t what I observed first! I had to look at it for a few seconds… #Bizarre
In all my years, growing up in the country, building tree forts, and playing in the woods daily, I never was lucky enough to see a tree like this! I mean, I built some mean wooden fortresses… I even had booby traps set up around my camoflouged perimeter… I would have given that all up as a boy to see a tree like this! I know, I’m a typical male…can’t help that! #wood
The Walking Dead? Beauty and youth versus mortality and time? The lifeless gaze of a living corpse? Either answer or answers could be both the question and the answer. That’s the beauty of all art… it’s open to individual interpretation! #thewalkingdead
Although, definitely not a traditional oil on canvas, I feel the canvas is absolutely appropriate that this artist used. A wonderfully macabre peice of art! #macabre
Joseph-Barbaccia-obesity-bizarre-strange-art-human-body image courtesy of http://www.thewuiteworld.com via Google Images.
Words… perhaps aren’t necessary for this piece. Bizarre and a little gross, but it does force the viewer to figure out what’s happening in this picture. I did the picture. I glean my own definition, my own understanding… what do you think of this artwork? #obesity
If you found 3 or more of the above pictures, somehow cool, then you are officially in the most intelligent group, the ‘Weird’ group!
If you found 2 or less of the above pictures, somewhat, not cool, then you are officially in the Republican Party! Just kidding, just kidding… but no, you are definitely less intelligent than the weirdos!
I hope you enjoyed the odd art and simple writing. I enjoyed writing and researching! I’m a nerd and a weirdo!
Thanks again and come back! Like my blog please! #www.darwinsrightleftwing.com
Have you heard of the word narcissist before? What does the word mean to you? For many years, I thought it was simply, a person that loved one’s self more than anyone else…a person that was an ‘ego-maniac’. Simple…much too simple, as I have found out over the years.
Narcissist’s naturally have over-inflated perceptions of themselves’. Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by dramatic, emotional behavior, which is in the same category as antisocial and borderline personality disorders.
Have you heard of the word narcissist before? What does the word mean to you? For many years, I thought it was simply, a person that loved one’s self more than anyone else…a person that was an ‘ego-maniac’. Simple…much too simple, as I have found out over the years.
Narcissist’s naturally have over-inflated perceptions of themselves’. Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by dramatic, emotional behavior, which is in the same category as antisocial and borderline personality disorders.
Narcissistic personality disorder symptoms may include:
Believing that you’re better than others
Fantasizing about power, success and attractiveness
Exaggerating your achievements or talents
Expecting constant praise and admiration
Believing that you’re special and acting accordingly
Failing to recognize other people’s emotions and feelings
Expecting others to go along with your ideas and plans
Taking advantage of others
Expressing disdain for those you feel are inferior
Being jealous of others
Believing that others are jealous of you
Trouble keeping healthy relationships
Setting unrealistic goals
Being easily hurt and rejected
Having a fragile self-esteem
Appearing as tough-minded or unemotional
Although some features of narcissistic personality disorder may seem like having confidence or strong self-esteem, it’s not the same. Narcissistic personality disorder crosses the border of healthy confidence and self-esteem into thinking so highly of yourself that you put yourself on a pedestal. In contrast, people who have healthy confidence and self-esteem don’t value themselves more than they value others.
Celebrities are more likely to be narcissistic according to the most recent psychological science. Excessive “Selfies” are also an indicator of narcissism. Image courtesy of http://www.independent.ie via Google Images
When you have narcissistic personality disorder, you may come across as conceited, boastful or pretentious. You often monopolize conversations. You may belittle or look down on people you perceive as inferior. You may have a sense of entitlement. And when you don’t receive the special treatment to which you feel entitled, you may become very impatient or angry. You may insist on having “the best” of everything — the best car, athletic club, medical care or social circles, for instance.
But underneath all this behavior often lies a fragile self-esteem. You have trouble handling anything that may be perceived as criticism. You may have a sense of secret shame and humiliation. And in order to make yourself feel better, you may react with rage or contempt and efforts to belittle the other person to make yourself appear better.
Although widely associated with grunge music, the band’s sound incorporates heavy metal and acoustic elements. Since its formation, Alice in Chains has released five studio albums, three EPs, two live albums, four compilations, and two DVDs. The band is known for its distinct vocal style which often included the harmonized vocals of Staley and Cantrell.
Alice in Chains rose to international fame as part of the grunge movement of the early 1990s, along with other Seattle bands such asNirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden. The band was one of the most successful music acts of the 1990s, selling over 20 million albums worldwide,[1] and over 14 million in the US alone.[2] In 1992, the band released their album Dirt, which was critically acclaimed and has been certified quadruple platinum. The band also achieved two No. 1 Billboard 200 releases, 14 top ten songs on theMainstream Rock Tracks chart and eight Grammy Award nominations.
Although never officially disbanding, Alice in Chains was plagued by extended inactivity from 1996 onwards due to Staley’s substance abuse, which resulted in his death in 2002. The band reunited in 2005 with new lead vocalist William DuVall, and released their fourth studio album, Black Gives Way to Blue, in 2009. The album was a success, being certified gold by the RIAA in 2010. Alice in Chains released their fifth studio album, The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here, on May 28, 2013. They are currently on tour for this album.[3]
What happened to common sense in America? Did it ever truly exist? It’s hard to answer this question without relying on what other humans recorded throughout human history. Some recorded history is accurate… I am sure of that, but much of recorded history is, dare I say, conjecture, hear-say, mistakes and recorded decades after the fact. Impossible to prove much of ancient history…unless we have tangible evidence and the science scholars involved. If you don’t accept science, carbon-14 dating, or evolutionary biology, physics and the other sciences, then you probably aren’t going to agree with this article.
I am a college graduate. My wife is a college graduate. College education did not teach either of us what common sense is. We had common sense before college. Education does not gift a person with common sense. I have worked with many people in my life and I’ll take common sense over education level any time of the day! I have met people with 10-plus years of higher education and absolutely no common sense… Some of the most brilliant minds I have ever known have a very limited educational background but are the epitome of common sense and intelligent decision-making!
Seriously… Bring it back now! Americans are either too afraid to speak up and use their first amendment rights, or lack good, old commonsense! The majority in Cannablogna’s polling indicates the latter… commonsense is endangered! It is quickly becoming non-existent in our America. This is what the leaders of huge corporations and our political system count on. The powers that be want us to be scared, confused and fearful of everything. It keeps us “controlled”. It keeps us in our social caste. It forces us to be consumers! It Keeps us… the 99 PERCENT!
I have quite literally, been killed, hundreds of times in my work career. The majority of accidents were caused by idiots as pictured above! We all have seen them, tried to communicate with them, and tried to pull their weight. The people lacking common sense… their numbers are growing rapidly! The CDC should have released a report years ago! How many people die in workplace accidents or are seriously injured, due to someone else’s lack of common sense? We know all too well that it was probably an idiot lacking commonsense.
That Video, courtesy of Youtube.com, pretty much wraps up any further need for explanation.
Please sign this petition if you believe in commonsense!
Please click and sign our petition to decriminalize a medicinal plant, cannabis and allow patients safe access to a medicine that has been used for more than 5000 years by humans.
Cannabis Proven to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease, Cancer and Parkinson’s Disease Among Other Serious Medical Conditions.
Neurosurgeon and CNN medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta was against Cannabis in a 2009 TIME magazine article. Now, he is one of the biggest advocates of the natural medicine. Image courtesy of Google Images.
This isn’t a new development. Ancient man used cannabis for pain relief, medicinal qualities and religious/spiritual rituals, among many other uses both medicinal and industrial.
Cannabis oil has been found in the mummified remains of Egyptians, ancient Chinese writings and cave drawings. For more information and timeline of Cannabis use in Human History, please click the green link:
There are thousands of patient testimonials, physician testimonials and scientific articles on the health effects of Cannabis. Of course, every medicine has side effects and I would be remiss to suggest that this plant works for everyone or has no potential for abuse. Humans abuse everything from laxatives to alcohol to prescription drugs. I would also be irresponsible to suggest using Cannabis to anyone. Different states have different laws, and while 21 states have enacted medical marijuana laws, the U.S. Government still deems Cannabis a dangerous drug with NO medicinal use. The Federal Government classifies Cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug, which puts it in the same class as Heroin.
This is simply an article presenting a history of the use of Cannabis in Humans throughout the centuries and also several videos of actual physician and patient testimonials. This article is intended to provide evidence and education on the anti-cancer properties of this complex plant known as Cannabis.
Cannabinoids are a group of 21-carbon–containing terpenophenolic compounds produced uniquely byCannabis species (e.g., Cannabis sativa L.) .[1,2] These plant-derived compounds may be referred to as phytocannabinoids. Although delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive ingredient, other known compounds with biologic activity are cannabinol, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene, cannabigerol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, and delta-8-THC. CBD, in particular, is thought to have significantanalgesic and anti-inflammatory activity without the psychoactive effect (high) of delta-9-THC.
Anti-tumor Effects:
One study in mice and rats suggested that cannabinoids may have a protective effect against the development of certain types of tumors.[3] During this 2-year study, groups of mice and rats were given various doses of THC by gavage. A dose-related decrease in the incidence of hepaticadenoma tumors and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was observed in the mice. Decreased incidences of benign tumors(polyps and adenomas) in other organs (mammary gland, uterus, pituitary, testis, and pancreas) were also noted in the rats. In another study, delta-9-THC, delta-8-THC, and cannabinol were found to inhibit the growth of Lewis lungadenocarcinomacellsin vitro and in vivo .[4] In addition, other tumors have been shown to be sensitive to cannabinoid-induced growth inhibition.[5–8]
Cannabinoids may cause anti-tumor effects by various mechanisms, including induction of cell death, inhibition of cell growth, and inhibition of tumorangiogenesis invasion and metastasis.[9–12] Two reviews summarize the molecular mechanisms of action of cannabinoids as anti-tumor agents.[13,14] Cannabinoids appear to kill tumor cells but do not affect their non-transformed counterparts and may even protect them from cell death. These compounds have been shown to induce apoptosis in gliomacells in culture and induce regression of glioma tumors in mice and rats. Cannabinoids protect normal glial cells of astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages from apoptosis mediated by the CB1 receptor.[15]
The effects of delta-9-THC and a synthetic agonist of the CB2 receptor were investigated in HCC.[16] Both agents reduced the viability of HCC cells in vitro and demonstrated anti-tumor effects in HCC subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. The investigations documented that the anti-HCC effects are mediated by way of the CB2 receptor. Similar to findings in glioma cells, the cannabinoids were shown to trigger cell death through stimulation of an endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway that activates autophagy and promotes apoptosis. Other investigations have confirmed that CB1 and CB2 receptors may be potential targets in non-small cell lungcarcinoma [17] and breast cancer.[18]
An in vitro study of the effect of CBD on programmed cell death in breast cancer cell lines found that CBD induced programmed cell death, independent of the CB1, CB2, or vanilloid receptors. CBD inhibited the survival of both estrogen receptor–positive and estrogen receptor–negativebreast cancercell lines, inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner while having little effect on non-tumorigenic, mammary cells.[19]
CBD has also been demonstrated to exert a chemopreventive effect in a mouse model of colon cancer.[20] In the experimental system, azoxymethane increased premalignant and malignant lesions in the mouse colon. Animals treated with azoxymethane and CBD concurrently were protected from developing premalignant and malignant lesions. In in vitro experiments involving colorectal cancer cell lines, the investigators found that CBD protected DNA from oxidative damage, increased endocannabinoid levels, and reduced cell proliferation. In a subsequent study, the investigators found that the antiproliferative effect of CBD was counteracted by selective CB1 but not CB2 receptor antagonists, suggesting an involvement of CB1 receptors.[21]
Another investigation into the anti-tumor effects of CBD examined the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).[12] ICAM-1 expression has been reported to be negatively correlated with cancermetastasis. In lung cancer cell lines, CBD upregulated ICAM-1, leading to decreased cancer cell invasiveness.
In an in vivo model using severe combined immunodeficient mice, subcutaneous tumors were generated by inoculating the animals with cells from human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines.[22] Tumor growth was inhibited by 60% in THC-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Tumor specimens revealed that THC had antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects. However, research with immunocompetent murine tumor models has demonstrated immunosuppression and enhanced tumor growth in mice treated with THC.[23,24]
In addition, both plant-derived and endogenous cannabinoids have been studied for anti-inflammatoryeffects. A mouse study demonstrated that endogenous cannabinoid system signaling is likely to provide intrinsic protection against colonic inflammation.[25] As a result, a hypothesis that phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids may be useful in the risk reduction and treatment of colorectal cancer has been developed.[26–29]
CBD may also enhance uptake of cytotoxic drugs into malignant cells. Activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells and overcome resistance to the chemotherapy agent carmustine.[30] In an in vitro model, CBD increased TRPV2 activation and increased uptake of cytotoxic drugs, leading to apoptosis of glioma cells without affecting normal human astrocytes. This suggests that coadministration of CBD with cytotoxic agents may increase drug uptake and potentiate cell death in human glioma cells.
Many animal studies have previously demonstrated that delta-9-THC and other cannabinoids have a stimulatory effect on appetite and increase food intake. It is believed that the endogenous cannabinoid system may serve as a regulator of feeding behavior. The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide potently enhances appetite in mice.[31] Moreover, CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus may be involved in the motivational or reward aspects of eating.[32]
Analgesia
Understanding the mechanism of cannabinoid-induced analgesia has been increased through the study of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and synthetic agonists and antagonists. The CB1 receptor is found in both the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral nerve terminals. Similar toopioid receptors, increased levels of the CB1 receptor are found in regions of the brain that regulate nociceptive processing.[33] CB2 receptors, located predominantly in peripheral tissue, exist at very low levels in the CNS. With the development of receptor-specific antagonists, additional information about the roles of the receptors and endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of pain has been obtained.[34,35]
Cannabinoids may also contribute to pain modulation through an anti-inflammatory mechanism; a CB2 effect with cannabinoids acting on mast cell receptors to attenuate the release of inflammatory agents, such as histamine and serotonin, and on keratinocytes to enhance the release of analgesic opioids has been described.[36–38] One study reported that the efficacy of synthetic CB1- and CB2-receptor agonists were comparable with the efficacy of morphine in a murine model of tumor pain.[39]
HELP END THE PROHIBITION OF CANNABIS! SIGN THE PETITION BELOW BY CLICKING ON THE IMAGE.
Please click and sign our petition to decriminalize a medicinal plant, cannabis and allow patients safe access to a medicine that has been used for more than 5000 years by humans. THE SCIENCE IS IN. THIS PLANT CURES AND PREVENTS CANCER. THIS PLANT TREATS MANY SERIOUS MEDICAL CONDITIONS. IT’S THE 21ST CENTURY. TIME FOR COMMON SENSE AND DRUG LAW REFORM.
References
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Romano B, Borrelli F, Pagano E, et al.: Inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of cannabidiol. Phytomedicine 21 (5): 631-9, 2014. [PUBMED Abstract]
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This article is not a substitute for medical advice. Any decisions medically, should be discussed with your primary care physician. If you live in a state where Cannabis is illegal, then these treatment options are not available for any person legally.
Extreme stress experienced during childhood, such as poverty, neglect, and physical abuse, might alter the parts of the brain responsible for learning, memory, and the processing of stress and emotion.
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